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 The problem: computer languages are too fragile or "brittle". Mutate the code, and the whole thing dies. The problem: computer languages are too fragile or "brittle". Mutate the code, and the whole thing dies.
  
-Determined to succeed, Ray turns his back on 15 years of biology research and tenure at the University of Delaware to build +Determined to succeed, Ray left behind 15 years of biology research to model biological evolution in a digital world.
  
-1990: Tierra is born+===1990: Tierra is born===
    * The instruction set of the CPU, the memory, and the operating system together define the complete "physics and chemistry" of the universe inhabited by the digital organism.    * The instruction set of the CPU, the memory, and the operating system together define the complete "physics and chemistry" of the universe inhabited by the digital organism.
    * The machine language defined by the CPU constitutes the genetic language of the digital organism.    * The machine language defined by the CPU constitutes the genetic language of the digital organism.
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 "I stood back and watched like a god satisfied with his creation" "I stood back and watched like a god satisfied with his creation"
  
 +===Exploring A New World===
 +Over 30 papers, articles, and journals were published in the span of 5 years. The next 20 years of research is spent pushing the field of artificial life and digital evolution. Highlights include:
  
- +1991: Transition to Computational Evolution and Documenting Tierra
-1991: Transition to Computational Evolution+
    * Genetic Algorithms    * Genetic Algorithms
    * Evolution and optimization of digital organisms    * Evolution and optimization of digital organisms
    * Population dynamics of digital organisms    * Population dynamics of digital organisms
    * An approach to the synthesis of life    * An approach to the synthesis of life
 + 
 +1992
 +   * Evolution, ecology and optimization of digital organisms
  
 +1993
 +   * How I created life in a virtual universe
  
 +1994
 +   * An Evolutionary Approach to Synthetic Biology: Zen in the Art of Creating Life.
  
 +1995
 +   * A proposal to create a network-wide biodiversity reserve for digital organisms.
 +   * The first Tierra workshop - derivative works (Charles Ofria, Avida)
  
-2002 +1996 
-Critique of Ray Kurzweil's Age of Spiritual Machines+   * The last Terria workshop?
  
-Ray: "Kurzweil does not understand that it is the act of measurement that causes the collapse of the wave function, not conscious observation of the measurement."+1997 
 +   * Evolving Parallel Computation 
 +   * Evolution as Artist (applying evolution to the world of art and the creative process)
  
-Kurzweil: "It is only through the collapse of the wave function that an event becomes determinate and thereby causes a reaction in the world, which constitutes a measurement. It is, therefore, the collapse of the wave function that causes measurement, which Ray tells us causes collapse of the wave function. So what Ray is saying is that the collapse of the wave function causes the collapse of the wave function. By removing the concept of observation from measurement, Ray’s explanation of quantum mechanics devolves into this tautology."+1998 
 +   * Documentation of the Tierra program released
  
-{{ :coursework:2014f:vizzini.jpg?nolink |Truly, Kurzweil has a dizzying intellect}}+2000 
 +   * Aesthetically Evolved Virtual Pets 
 +   * Evolution of Complexity: Tissue Differentiation in Network Tierra
  
- +2002 
-2003  +   * Critique of Ray Kurzweil's Age of Spiritual Machines
-An Evolutionary Approach to Synthetic Biology: Zen in the Art of Creating Life.+
  
 2004-5 2004-5
-Evolution, Robustness and Adaptation of Sidewinding Locomotion of Simulated Snake-like Robot+   * Evolution, Robustness and Adaptation of Sidewinding Locomotion of Simulated Snake-like Robot
  
 2009 (Last* Artificial Life publication): 2009 (Last* Artificial Life publication):
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 Ray, T. S. 2010. Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome. PLoS ONE., February 2, 2010. Ray, T. S. 2010. Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome. PLoS ONE., February 2, 2010.
 "It should be possible to use this diverse set of drugs as probes into the roles played by the various receptor systems in the human mind." "It should be possible to use this diverse set of drugs as probes into the roles played by the various receptor systems in the human mind."
 +
 +2012
 +   * Mental Organs and the Origins of Mind
 +
 +Mind Research:
  
    * The human mind is populated by mental organs    * The human mind is populated by mental organs
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 and thus provide the mechanisms by which evolution sculpts the mind. and thus provide the mechanisms by which evolution sculpts the mind.
  
 +2013 
 +   * Future minds, mental organs and ways of knowing.  
 +     * Technoetic Arts: A Journal of Speculative Research
  
  
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 [[http://life.ou.edu/tierra/|Tierra Project Homepage]] [[http://life.ou.edu/tierra/|Tierra Project Homepage]]
 +
 +[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl5rRGVD0QI|Tierra Project Movie (YouTube | 22:37) 1995 - With Stephanie Forrest]]
coursework/2014f/ray_tom.1412052483.txt.gz · Last modified: 2014/09/30 04:48 by csymonds